École Polytechnique de Montréal

Botnets are networks consisting of computers that are infected with malicious codes (malware) and are consequently being remotely controlled by botnet operators. Botnets pose some of the most challenging security problems owing to their ubiquitousness, their size, their complexity, and the effectiveness with which they have been used to facilitate and perpetuate a wide range of cybercrimes.

In industrialized countries, the expansion of power systems has become very difficult. According to power utility consortiums such as CEATI and EPRI, only drastic changes to the current power grid architecture, together with the introduction of new technologies can prevent the high social costs associated with a reduction in reliability of energy supply. High temperature superconductors (HTS) are among the most promising technologies to achieve this goal.